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Case Studies

Large-Scale Modelling of Electric Public Bus Operation and Charging

Large-Scale Modelling of
Electric Public Bus Operation
and Charging

Advanced evaluation of electrification pathways for public transport at scale

Background

Background

With climate change concerns in mind, many transportation authorities in the world are pushing towards the electrification of road transport in the coming decades. In particular, public transport networks are considered for early electrification. Converting an existing public bus system to operate with electric buses can be challenging, as existing bus schedules might not be directly feasible with the limited range of electric buses. Moreover, the charging infrastructure for an electric bus fleet involves the sharing of chargers between many buses, thus necessitating finding the appropriate charging strategy and the corresponding number of chargers to install.

CityMoS Application

With CityMoS, entire public bus networks can be simulated with the desired fleet composition and charging infrastructure for depot-charging and/or opportunity-charging at end-stations. Optimization of the number of chargers through simulation-driven optimization ensures the feasibility of the operation at each stage of the optimization. Trip dispatching verifies that sufficient energy is available to the vehicles, otherwise they are directed to a charging station to replenish their battery. The energy demand of both service trips and off-service trips is accounted for and depends on the driving profile, air-conditioning load and the number of passengers in the bus.

Outcomes

In the SITEM project, we applied this model and built a digital twin of the entire bus network of Singapore, which consists of more than 500 bus routes and 5800 buses. In cooperation with the local transport authority, several electrification scenarios have been evaluated and compared. The impact on the power grid of the electrification of the bus fleet was assessed and recommendations were derived.

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Case Studies

CiLo Charging

CiLoCharging

Optimized integration of charging, logistics, energy and
traffic management for the operation of electric vehicles in
logistics depots close to cities

City Logistics Charging (CiLo Charging)

City Logistics Charging (CiLoCharging)

The project focuses on the development, prototypical implementation and evaluation of a corresponding solution both in a simulation and in a field trial at the site of a newly built terminal. Leading partners are working in the individual domains together with recognized research institutions to develop an optimized, flexible and demand-oriented solution for requirements-based integration.

Process

The CiLoCharging project aims to enable an optimized, flexible and demand-oriented solution for the use of electric vehicles in the distribution service of a logistics terminal from an economic, technical and environmental perspective by taking into account the requirements from the domains of energy, logistics, charging infrastructure and mobility management.
In order to be able to adequately take into account the framework conditions typical for general cargo logistics and to ensure the scalability of the fleet terminals in an economical manner, both charging management must be integrated into the existing logistics processes and smart energy management must be provided for integrating electrified logistics terminals into the electrical distribution network.

Application of CityMoS in CiLoCharging Project

The use of a powerful simulation platform enables the cost-efficient exploration of large parameter space and the analysis of a wide variety of what-if scenarios. CityMoS serves as the digital twin of the entire logistics operation including depot, fleet vehicles, other traffic and in the target area (Frankfurt am Main). The covered topics include:
  • Study of various fleet parameters (fleet composition, vehicle types, cargo space, battery sizes)
  • Study of various depot parameters (number of charging stations, charging speed, auxiliary consumers)
  • Research into the effect of second-life battery use as local energy storage
  • Evaluation of novel vehicle-to-grid communication
  • Connect to existing fleet management tools
  • Analysis of all fleet relevant metrics (delivery delay, electricity costs, etc.)
In collaboration with:
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Case Studies

SITEM

SITEM

Singapore Integrated Transport and Energy Model

Citymos and Mesmo-01 1

Commissioned by the Prime Minister’s Public Sector Science and Technology Policy and Plans Office (S&TPPO) and in collaboration with all relevant agencies, researchers from TUMCREATE and A*STAR’s Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) set out to create the first high-fidelity, island-wide simulation of electric vehicle (EV) transport in Singapore, called SITEM, short for Singapore Integrated Transport and Energy Model.

SITEM integrates multiple aspects of mobility and energy modelling, including the movements of individual vehicles, drivers’ decisions where and when to charge, as well as the interaction of EV charging demand with the capacity of the power grid. The project conducts a comprehensive analysis of projected electric vehicle charging patterns and energy demand, which will support policymaking on Singapore’s budget 2040 vision for all vehicles to run on cleaner energy. Such initiative will greatly contribute towards Singapore’s decarbonisation commitments.

SITEM Project Builds on Two Primary Simulation Technologies Developed by TUMCREATE in Singapore:

“

This collaboration between the research teams and relevant government agencies allows for integration of the best from two research institutes to address national level challenges.”

Er Pang Chung Khiang, Group Chief Systems Officer of S&TPPO, PMO
  • CityMoS, the City Mobility Simulator utilises high-performance computing techniques to enable high-detail transport simulation of the entire island of Singapore, while maintaining short turnaround times. This enables the efficient exploration of wide parameter spaces.

  • Multi Energy System Modelling and Optimisation (MESMO) is an advanced software framework that combines simulation of electrical grids and optimisation techniques to mitigate the grid impact of distributed energy resources (such as photovoltaics) and new types        of loads (such as EV charging).

The live coupling of the mobility simulator CityMoS and the power grid simulator MESMO provides insights into the inter- dependencies of both systems. These advanced scenario modelling capabilities have enabled regulatory agencies to explore and evaluate various pathways to vehicle electrification. For example, given that private electric cars will generally park longer than the actual duration required for the car to fully charge, smart charging management can help reduce grid infrastructure upgrade costs without compromising the overall energy provisioned to the electric cars. 

SITEM makes it possible to estimate the efficiency gains from such systems and to model their impact alongside or in combination with other mechanisms such as incentive-based demand shifting, smart scheduling, and local energy storages.

Medal
Winner of the 2022 Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) Borderless Silver Award.
In collaboration with:
In collaboration with:
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Case Studies

MoVES Lab

MoVES Lab

Mobility in Virtual Environments at Scale (MoVES)

The City Mobility Simulator (CityMoS), developed by TUMCREATE, is a next-generation transport planning tool which incorporates high-performance computing techniques to offer microscopic detail at city scale. The digital twin platform has been used in various government and industry projects to support infrastructure planning, traffic flow optimisation as well as public transport and commercial fleet management.

CityMoS is further enhanced in the MoVES (Mobility in Virtual Environments    at Scale) Lab, a partnership between TUMCREATE and Huawei to conduct cutting-edge research that will enhance transport system simulation and improve urban planning in smart cities. The lab aims to develop new simu-lation models that can accurately reflect complex real-world scenarios with a high level of realism. These enhanced simulations can then be used as a base to support traffic flow planning and traffic light control, contributing to more efficient transport solutions.

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Citymos image 1

Holistic Transport System Exploration

Instead of focusing only on traffic properties, CityMoS fully considers the mobility of people, including commute behaviour and mode choice. With models for public transport including rail networks and buses, as well as taxis and private traffic, CityMoS can provide insights into the transport system inaccessible to traditional traffic simulators.

 

 

Greener Transport Systems

CityMoS provides insights into a range of environmental metrics such as emissions or noise. The simulator is a great platform to study the effects of electrification not only on the environment but also on the operations of vehicle fleets, and through co-simulation, on the power grid. It can therefore be used to support the planning of charging infrastructure at scale and help cities transit to a carbon-free future.

Commercial Fleet Analysis

The charging and energy management of electric fleets and the move away from conventional combustion engine vehicles comes with challenges. CityMoS can serve as a digital twin to analyse vehicle assignment, fleet compositions, charging strategies, and demand prediction, making it a powerful companion for existing fleet management tools.

Intelligent Transport Systems

Connected vehicles and autonomous driving can change the way we move. CityMoS can be used to study the effect of mixed traffic, i.e. how humans and self-driving cars share the road. In the future, it will be possible to integrate CityMoS into the traffic control centre of a modern city to provide traffic forecasting and recommendations for traffic flow control strategies.

In partnership with: Huawei
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Case Studies

Case Studies – Individual Project

CiLo Charging
We have created a new product that will help
developers and companies create websites
for their startups quickly and easily.

Objective

We have created this demo version in order to show you the structure of Startup Framework. It has some of the components from the full version, two great samples (Bootstrap themes) and documentation. You can find 2 images of a Macbook and an iPad, which you can use in your project. We hope you will like your first introduction Startup Framework. The most important part of Startup Framework are the samples or Bootstrap themes and templates. The samples consist of a set of few pages you can use «as is» or add new blocks from UI Kit.

Outcomes

We have created this demo version in order to show you the structure of Startup Framework. It has some of the components from the full version, two great samples and documentation. You can find images of a Macbook and an iPad, which you can use in your project.

Operation Optimisation

PUBLIC TRANSPORT

  • Bus stops, termini, depots, railway, underground, etc​.​
  • Individual passengers with origins and destinations, choosing their combination of transport modes​, including walking and transfer times

FLEET SIMULATION

  • Support of multi-shift taxi simulation​
  • Private hire vehicles​
  • Taxi passenger demand​
  • Commercial fleets (e.g. delivery fleets, carriers)​

MOBILITY SIMULATION

  • Private vehicles (cars, motorbikes), taxis, private hire cars, buses, trains, commercial traffic​
  • Behavioral models (driving behavior, route choices, decision making)​
  • Detailed electric and internal combustion engine models

 

 

3D VISUALISATION

  • Overlay of statistics, heatmaps, road colouring, vehicle information​
  • Features a touchscreen demo version and a full version​
  • Colour templates for corporate ident​ity for easy integration
Not only can you create and track projects, you can also work on road-maps, map them to your OKRs and ensure your entire team is aligned on the most important work. Overlay of the statistics, heatmaps, road colouring, vehicle information​. entire team is aligned on the most also important work. Not only can you create and track projects, you can work on roadmaps, map them to your OKRs and Entire team is can aligned on the most important you can also work.
Ensure your entire team is aligned on the most important work overlay of the statistics, heatmaps, road colouring, vehicle information​. entire team is aligned on the most important work. Not only can you create and track projects, you can also work on roadmaps, map them to your OKRs and ensure your entire team is aligned on the most important Work overlay of the statistics, heatmaps, road colouring, vehicle information​. Entire team is aligned on the most important work.
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Award-Winning Projects and Papers

Best Paper Award at IEEE International Symposium

Exec Summary – Not only can you create and track projects, you can also work on roadmaps, map them to your OKRs a